Comparative review of piezoelectric biomaterials approach for bone tissue engineering
Ali Samadi, Mohammad Amin Salati, Amin Safari, Maryam Jouyandeh, Mahmood Barani, Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Elias Ghaleh Golab, Payam Zarrintaj, Saptarshi Kar, Farzad Seidi, Aleksander Hejna, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Abstract
Bone as a minerals' reservoir and rigid tissue of the body generating red and white blood cells supports various organs. Although the self-regeneration property of bone, it cannot regenerate spontaneously in severe damages and still remains as a challenging issue. Tissue engineering offers several techniques for regenerating damaged bones, where various biomaterials are examined to fabricate scaffolds for bone repair. Piezoelectric characteristic plays a crucial role in repairing and regenerating damaged bone by mimicking the bone niche behavior. Piezoelectric biomaterials show significant potential for bone tissue engineering. Herein we try to have a comparative review on piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering, classified them, and discussed their effects on implanted cells and manufacturing techniques. Especially, Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its composites are the most practically used piezoelectric biomaterials for bone regeneration. PVDF and its composites have been summarized and discussed to repair damaged bone tissues.