Sulphur-mediated plant resistance elicits phenolic defense in canola to reduce aphid reproduction and improve crop yield in canola
Muhammad Wajid Javed, Dilbar Hussain, M. Zubair, Faisal Hafeez, Muhammad Kamil Malik, Asad Aslam, Imran Ali
Abstract
Rising concerns over chemical insecticides are demanding alternative pest management methods. The present study planned to explore the potential of elemental-ES, bio-sulphur-BS, compost-Cp, and compared to insecticide (Carbosulfan) and untreated controls for sustainable management of canola aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Split doses were more useful (screen house experiments) over single dose (in field). BS mixed with Cp provided best results to suppress aphid reproduction. Insecticide effects were instant but not long-lasting. Sulphur mixture also improved crop yield and oil contents; however, plant height was maximum in insecticide. RP-HPLC revealed activation of different phenolic defense chemicals (three flavonoids, five phenolic acids, and six hydroxycinnamic acid) in canola. Phenolic compounds were higher in sulphur-treated plants but their distribution patterns were altered in leaves, shoots, and seeds. The results could be extended to insect pests on other crops. However, further genetic studies are needed to discover the intricate pattern of sulphur resistance.