Anti‑angiogenic and cytotoxic evaluation of green‑synthesized Fe<sub>2</sub>ZnO<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles against MCF‑7 cell line
Asma' Al‐Zabin, Tuqa Abu Thiab, Malek Zihlif, Afnan Al‐Hunaiti, Hamzeh J. Al‐Ameer, Wajdy Al‐Awaida, Amer Imraish
Abstract
The use of plants for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, grounded in green chemistry principles, is an environmentally friendly and economically viable approach. In the present study, the leaf extract of <em>Elaeagnus angustifolia L.</em> was used as a biosynthetic agent to generate bimetallic zinc oxide NPs. The present study investigated the effect of ZnO NPs on anti‑angiogenesis and cell migration. Various bimetallic NPs, including zinc‑iron oxide and nickel‑zinc oxide, underwent characterization through Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy and X‑ray Diffraction within the 25‑65˚ range. Confirmation of NP formation was determined by identifying the surface plasmon resonance peak. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic properties of <em>E. angustifolia L.</em> extracts, ZnO NPs and associated metals in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells. The plant extract demonstrated antiproliferative effects at 200 µg/ml, whereas <em>E. ang</em>‑Fe<sub>2</sub>ZnO<sub>4</sub> NPs showed varying cytotoxic effects based on concentration. The rat aortic ring and cell migration assays illuminated anti‑angiogenic attributes, with the <em>E. ang</em>‑Fe<sub>2</sub>ZnO<sub>4</sub> NPs blocking blood vessel development entirely at 100 µg/ml, implying profound anti‑angiogenic efficacy. Therefore, <em>E. ang</em>‑Fe<sub>2</sub>ZnO<sub>4</sub> NPs may serve a role in antiangiogenic therapy.