ADAR-mediated RNA editing of DNA:RNA hybrids is required for DNA double strand break repair
Sonia Jimeno, Rosario Prados‐Carvajal, María Jesús Fernández-Ávila, Sónia Silva, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Martín Endara-Coll, Guillermo Rodríguez‐Real, Judit Domingo‐Prim, Fernando Mejías-Navarro, Amador Romero-Franco, Silvia Jimeno-González, Sónia Barroso, Valeriana Cesarini, Andrés Aguilera, Angela Gallo, Neus Visa, Pablo Huertas
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic stability requires the coordination of multiple cellular tasks upon the appearance of DNA lesions. RNA editing, the post-transcriptional sequence alteration of RNA, has a profound effect on cell homeostasis, but its implication in the response to DNA damage was not previously explored. Here we show that, in response to DNA breaks, an overall change of the Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA editing is observed, a phenomenon we call the RNA Editing DAmage Response (REDAR). REDAR relies on the checkpoint kinase ATR and the recombination factor CtIP. Moreover, depletion of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 renders cells hypersensitive to genotoxic agents, increases genomic instability and hampers homologous recombination by impairing DNA resection. Such a role of ADAR2 in DNA repair goes beyond the recoding of specific transcripts, but depends on ADAR2 editing DNA:RNA hybrids to ease their dissolution.