Dual Modifications of TiO<sub>2</sub>/1D g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposites and Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Porous CuO/Carbon for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy, Satheesh Kuppusamy, Keerthana Manoharan, Sathiyamoorthy Buvaneswaran, Arunkumar Prabhakaran Shyma, Trilochan Sahoo, Krishna Chandar Nagamuthu Raja, Selvakumar Pitchaiya, Prabhakaran Deivasigamani, Kamatchi Rajaram
Abstract
This study uses a sonication method to fabricate a light-harvesting structure on an anatase phase TiO 2 /1D g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite electron transport material. In addition, two different metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived porous CuO (CuO-I and CuO-II) are used to modify the carbon electrode. The open atmospheric fabricated TiO 2 /1D g-C 3 N 4 layer exhibits a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.95% than anatase phase TiO 2 (5.40%). Furthermore, the PCE of organometallic perovskite solar cells exhibits 10.03 and 8.43% for CuO-I and CuO-II-modified carbon electrodes. Results reveal that CuO/carbon composite exhibits superior characteristics to commercial carbon electrodes due to increased specific surface area, porosity, and device stability. This dual modification device shows excellent device stability under ambient, thermal, and photostability analysis under AM 1.5 solar irradiation.