Three-dimensional SEI framework induced by ion regulation in toroidal magnetic field for lithium metal battery
Yan Li, Manjie Xiao, Chunli Shen, Lianmeng Cui, Wei Yang, Chi Zhang, Xinhui Chen, Liqiang Mai, Yan Zhao, Xu Xu
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries are considered to have great potential as rechargeable batteries in next-generation energy storage devices. However, the generation of dead lithium and lithium dendrites caused by the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling limits the application of lithium metal batteries. While tremendous efforts have been devoted to modification of SEI, the long-term and stable use of residual SEI has rarely been studied. Herein, we design a LiF-rich three-dimensional SEI framework (3DSF) formed in a toroidal magnetic field. This 3DSF can induce the uniform bottom-up deposition of lithium metal in the channel structure and realize 1,300 cycles at a high current density of 50 mA/cm2. The capacity of the battery paired with a high mass-loading LiFePO4 cathode (18.3 mg/cm2) maintains 98.2% at 1 C after 150 cycles. This work provides a simple and practical strategy for the additive free development of lithium metal battery technology.