Free‐Standing Black Phosphorus Foils for Energy Storage and Catalysis
Bing Wu, Evgeniya Kovalska, Jan Luxa, Petr Marvan, Štěpán Cintl, Zdeněk Sofer
Abstract
Abstract Few‐layered black phosphorus (BP) is a two‐dimensional material that has attracted intensive attention for applications in energy storage and catalysis due to its large surface area and good electrical and thermal conductivity. Herein, a comparable study of BP electrochemical exfoliation in various solutions of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX; X is PF 6 − , BF 4 − , and ClO 4 − ) in DMSO is reported. Based on morphological and structural analyses, it is shown that TBAPF 6 /DMSO medium was specifically appropriate for the production of high‐quality BP nanosheets with micrometer lateral size and a thickness of about 2.4 nm. TBAPF 6 /DMSO‐processed, few‐layered BP exhibits enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity compared with that of samples exfoliated with the assistance of BF 4 − and ClO 4 − ions. Finally, the fabrication of flexible, free‐standing BP films and their performance in an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor device are demonstrated.