Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in southwest Nigeria
Akin Osibogun, Mobolanle Balogun, Akin Abayomi, Jide Idris, Yetunde Kuyinu, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ololade Wright, Remi Adeseun, Bamidele Mutiu, Babatunde Saka, Nike Osa, Dayo Lajide, Ismael Abdus-Salam, Bodunrin Osikomaiya, Oluwatosin Onasanya, Bisola Adebayo, Yewande Oshodi, Sunday Adesola, Olu Adejumo, Olufemi Erinoso, Hussein Abdur-Razzaq, Abimbola Bowale, Kingsley Akinroye
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data on the comorbidities that result in negative outcomes for people with COVID-19 are currently scarce for African populations. This study identifies comorbidities that predict death among a large sample of COVID-19 patients from Nigeria. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of medical records for 2184 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Lagos, southwest Nigeria. Extracted data included age, sex, severity of condition at presentation and self-reported comorbidities. The outcomes of interest were death or discharge from facility. RESULTS: Most of the cases were male (65.8%) and the median age was 43 years (IQR: 33-55). Four hundred and ninety-two patients (22.5%) had at least one comorbidity and the most common amongst them were hypertension (74.2%) and diabetes (30.3%). The mortality rate was 3.3% and a significantly higher proportion of patients with comorbidities died compared to those with none. The comorbidities that predicted death were hypertension (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.22-4.01), diabetes (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.99-6.85), renal disease (OR: 12.53, 95%CI: 1.97-79.56), cancer (OR: 14.12, 95% CI: 2.03-98.19) and HIV (OR: 1.77-84.15]. CONCLUSION: Comorbidities are prevalent and the associated risk of death is high among COVID-19 patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Public enlightenment, early identification and targeted care for COVID-19 cases with comorbidities are recommended as the pandemic evolves.