Metamaterials With Analogous Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Related Sensor Designs—A Review
Zhixia Xu, Yi Wang, Siyuan Liu, Jitong Ma, Shaojun Fang, Hao Wu
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) originates from quantum physics, where a narrow transparent peak appears in the opaque band due to the destructive interference between quantum states of atoms and molecules. Similar phenomena can be realized based on strong-coupling resonators with a similar spectrum of transmission peaks and abrupt dispersion variations. These classical systems, ranging from elastic to optical, are named analogs of EIT. The sharp resonant peaks with high-quality factors in the spectrum exhibit powerful potentials in sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. In order to better understand the development history of EIT-like metamaterials and their specific applications in the field of sensors, this article makes a brief review of the EIT-like phenomenon in metamaterials. First, we conduct the universal mathematical formulation based on the coupling oscillator model. Then, we classify specific metamaterial designs and practical applications of EIT-like devices in acoustic, electromagnetic, and optical waves, respectively. We also summarize the recent technologies of dynamic modulations of EIT-like metamaterials and discuss future research directions.