μ-Opioid Receptor–Mediated Enteric Glial Activation Is Involved in Morphine-Induced Constipation
Hui Gao, Yuxin Zhang, Yansong Li, Haiqing Chang, Bo Cheng, Na Li, Wei Yuan, Shuang Li, Qiang Wang
Topics & Concepts
MorphineOpioidProinflammatory cytokineMotilityPharmacologyChemistryOpioid receptor(+)-NaloxoneWestern blotReceptorInternal medicineMedicineInflammationBiologyCell biologyBiochemistryGeneGastrointestinal motility and disordersNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyGastroesophageal reflux and treatments