Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children in Southeast Asia from 2002 to 2022: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Manju Shrestha, Sunil Basukala, Niranjan Thapa, Oshan Shrestha, Mahima Basnet, Kala Shrestha, Shiva Regmi, Suchit Thapa Chhetri, Bishal Kunwor
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts the brain, characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, often accompanied by repetitive behaviors or focused interests. This study sheds light on the prevalence of ASD within the Southeast Asian region. Methods The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42023413915). Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were employed to explore electronic databases for relevant articles. Data thus extracted were prepared in Excel and analyzed in Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software. The effect measure utilized in the study was represented by the proportion, and the choice between a fixed or random‐effect model depended on the observed heterogeneity. Visual feedback was provided through the use of forest plots and funnel plots. Results A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis after screening the imported studies. The prevalence of ASD was six per 1000 population (proportion: 0.006; CI: 0.002–0.017; I 2 : 99.263%). Among the ASD cases, 64.4% (proportion: 0.644; CI: 0.590–0.693; I 2 : 9.937%) were males and 35.6% (proportion: 0.356; CI: 0.307–0.410; I 2 : 9.937%) were females. Conclusion The prevalence of ASD in Southeast Asia was estimated to be six cases per 1000 individuals, with a higher prevalence among males. This study contributes to our understanding of ASD prevalence in the region, although it is essential to note certain limitations in estimating prevalence.