Binder‐Free LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanosheets on Carbon Cloth for Selective Lithium Extraction from Brine via Capacitive Deionization
Guangqiang Ma, Yingsheng Xu, Anjiang Cai, Hengjian Mao, Xinyuan Zhang, Dong‐Myeong Shin, Lei Wang, Hongjian Zhou
Abstract
Abstract In this study, a three‐step strategy including electrochemical cathode deposition, self‐oxidation, and hydrothermal reaction is applied to prepare the LiMn 2 O 4 nanosheets on carbon cloth (LMOns@CC) as a binder‐free cathode in a hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI) cell for selectively extracting lithium from salt‐lake brine. The binder‐free LMOns@CC electrodes are constructed from dozens of 2D LiMn 2 O 4 nanosheets on carbon cloth substrates, resulting in a uniform 2D array of highly ordered nanosheets with hierarchical nanostructure. The charge/discharge process of the LMOns@CC electrode demonstrates that visible redox peaks and high pseudocapacitive contribution rates endow the LMOns@CC cathode with a maximum Li + ion electrosorption capacity of 4.71 mmol g −1 at 1.2 V. Moreover, the LMOns@CC electrode performs outstanding cycling stability with a high‐capacity retention rate of 97.4% and a manganese mass dissolution rate of 0.35% over ten absorption–desorption cycles. The density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations verify that the Li + selectivity of the LMOns@CC electrode is attributed to the greater adsorption energy of Li + ions than other ions. Finally, the selective extraction performance of Li + ions in natural Tibet salt lake brine reveals that the LMOns@CC has selectivity ( = 7.48) and excellent cycling stability (100 cycles), which would make it a candidate electrode for lithium extraction from salt lakes.