Construction of Optimized Dynamic S-Boxes Based on a Cubic Modular Transform and the Sine Function
Amjad Hussain Zahid, Musheer Ahmad, Ahmed Alkhayyat, Muhammad Junaid Arshad, Mian Muhammad Umar Shaban, Naglaa F. Soliman, Abeer D. Algarni
Abstract
The protection of sensitive data from illegitimate users is one of the main challenges in today’s technological era. To handle prevailing security-related problems and challenges amicably, cryptographic techniques are applied for the fortification of data. State-of-the-art cryptographic ciphers generally use substitution-boxes (S-boxes) that help in accomplishing robust sanctuary of data. Provision of data security by a cipher is proportionate directly to the cryptographic strength of an S-box employed in the respective cipher. This research paper proposes to project a simple and innovative scheme for the generation of dynamic S-boxes by employing a novel cubic modular transformation along with the trigonometric sine function. A pioneering optimization phase, dynamic in nature, is also suggested that improvises the nonlinearity of the initial configuration of S-box. The overall proposed scheme possesses the potential to spawn a large count of strong S-boxes by smearing a minute variation in input parameters used in initial and optimization phases. Cipher key is used to employ values to the input parameters for the creation of dynamic S-boxes. A specimen S-box is presented, and its performance has been achieved through standard criteria of S-box evaluation along with the comparative analysis with some existing Sboxes. Recital and comparative investigations validate that the anticipated S-box possesses the real capability for its usage in cryptosystems for much needed data security.