Perceptual and technical barriers in sharing and formatting metadata accompanying omics studies
Yu-Ning Huang, Viorel Munteanu, Michael I. Love, Cynthia Ronkowski, Dhrithi Deshpande, Annie Wong‐Beringer, Russell Corbett‐Detig, Mihai Dimian, Jason H. Moore, Lana X. Garmire, T. B. K. Reddy, Atul J. Butte, Mark D. Robinson, Eleazar Eskin, Malak Abedalthagafi, Serghei Mangul
Abstract
Metadata, or "data about data," is essential for organizing, understanding, and managing large-scale omics datasets. It enhances data discovery, integration, and interpretation, enabling reproducibility, reusability, and secondary analysis. However, metadata sharing remains hindered by perceptual and technical barriers, including the lack of uniform standards, privacy concerns, study design limitations, insufficient incentives, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of trained personnel. These challenges compromise data reliability and obstruct integrative meta-analyses. Addressing these issues requires standardization, education, stronger roles for journals and funding agencies, and improved incentives and infrastructure. Looking ahead, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning may offer promising solutions to automate metadata processes, increasing accuracy and scalability. Fostering a collaborative culture of metadata sharing will maximize the value of omics data, accelerating innovation and scientific discovery.