Dry‐Processed Perovskite Photovoltaics: Materials, Fabrication Techniques, and Devices
Lei Huang, Zhang Chen, Kai‐Li Wang, Zhao‐Kui Wang
Abstract
Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly ascended as a leading thin‐film photovoltaic technology, yet their reliance on solution‐based deposition continues to impede large‐scale commercialization due to high‐purity solvent costs, environmental pollution, and film‐uniformity challenges on textured or large‐area substrates. Dry processing can not only mitigate problems associated with the aforementioned solution processing but also enable sequential, multilayer stacking with negligible damage, thereby enhancing device performance, reproducibility, and stability. In this review, the application of dry‐processed techniques to perovskite layers, hole and electron transport layers, electrodes, and interfacial modification layers are detailed, emphasizing their compatibility with complex architectures and advantages in scalable and reproducible fabrication. By summarizing recent advances in fully dry‐processed PSCs, this review offers a practical framework to overcome scalability bottlenecks and accelerate the commercialization of high‐efficiency, stable perovskite photovoltaics.