Sialylated CD43 forms a glyco-immune barrier that restrains antileukemic immunity
Jooho Chung, Mounica Vallurupalli, Sarah Noel, Gail Schor, Sofia Mrowka, Ilario Scapozza, Zelalem Demere, Sachin V. Kammula, Margaret Hu, Sarah Kim, YuhJong Liu, Celeste Nobrega, Jonathan Perera, Ewa Wrona, Collins Cheruiyot, Yunkang Lin, David Wu, Maria Saberi, Aidan Cruickshank, Elliot C. Woods, Cun Lan Chuong, Filippo Birocchi, Ashwin V. Kammula, Omar I. Avila, Nelson H. Knudsen, Mustafa Kocak, John G. Doench, Dean J. Procter, Lindsey Thornton, Andrew M. Brunner, Eric Winer, D. J. Deangelo, Jacqueline S. Garcia, Richard M. Stone, Russell W. Jenkins, Marcela V. Maus, Timothy A. Graubert, Kathleen B. Yates, T. R. Golub, Robert T. Manguso
Abstract
Macrophages exert antitumorigenic activity through phagocytosis, but phagocytosis-enhancing therapeutics have not improved acute myeloid leukemia (AML) outcomes. To identify phagocytosis regulators, we performed CRISPR knockout screens in human AML cells cocultured with human macrophages. We found that the "don't eat me" signal CD47 inhibited mouse but not human macrophage phagocytosis. However, O-linked glycosylation and sialylation were strong negative regulators of phagocytosis. In AML, the cell surface mucin-like glycoprotein CD43 was the major effector of these pathways. Inhibition of phagocytosis by CD43 was dependent on the length of its ectodomain and independent of the macrophage sialic acid receptors SIGLEC-1, SIGLEC-7, and SIGLEC-9. The inhibitory effects of CD43 extended beyond human macrophages to natural killer and T cells. Thus, CD43 forms a glyco-immune barrier that restrains both innate and adaptive antileukemic immunity.