Single-Molecule Enzyme Activity Analysis for Illuminating Pathological Proteoforms

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Functional protein analysis offers unique insights into phenotype-related changes that cannot be fully captured through genetic or transcriptomic data alone. This renewed focus has sparked growing interest in activity-based diagnostics. Conventional methodologies treat 10 6 –10 9 protein molecules in bulk. Meanwhile, new approaches are emerging to probe the functions of individual protein molecules. In this Outlook, we discuss recent challenges in applying single-molecule enzyme activity assays to understand disease-related alterations in enzyme activity landscapes at the proteoform level, with potential applications in disease diagnosis.

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