Biomass-derived carbon–silicon composites (C@Si) as anodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries: A promising strategy towards long-term cycling stability: A mini review
Glaydson S. dos Reis, Palanivel Molaiyan, Chandrasekar M. Subramaniyam, Flaviano García‐Alvarado, Andrea Paolella, Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira, Ulla Lassi
Abstract
The global need for high energy density and performing rechargeable batteries has led to the development of high-capacity silicon-based anode materials to meet the energy demands imposed to electrify plug-in vehicles to curtail carbon emissions by 2035. Unfortunately, the high theoretical capacity (4200 mA h g-1) of silicon by (de-)alloy mechanism is limited by its severe volume changes (ΔV ∼ 200% - 400%) during cycling for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), while for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) remain uncertain, and hence, compositing with carbons ([email protected]) represent a promising strategy to enable the aforementioned practical application. The present review outlines the recent progress of biomass-derived Si-carbon composite ([email protected]) anodes for LIBs and NIBs. In this perspective, we present different types of biomass precursors, silicon sources, and compositing strategies, and how these impact on the [email protected] physicochemical properties and their electrochemical performance are discussed.