Dual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from Virions
Shijian Zhang, Hanh T. Nguyen, Haitao Ding, Jia Wang, Shitao Zou, Lihong Liu, Debjani Guha, Dana Gabuzda, David D. Ho, John C. Kappes, Joseph Sodroski
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The cleaved, functional Env is incorporated into virus particles from the surface of the infected cell. We found that an uncleaved form of Env is transported to the cell surface by an unconventional route, but this nonfunctional Env is mostly excluded from the virus. Thus, only one of the pathways by which Env is transported to the surface of infected cells results in efficient incorporation into virus particles, potentially allowing the uncleaved Env to act as a decoy to the host immune system without compromising virus infectivity.