The Association between Myopia and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jian Wu, Jie Hao, Yifan Du, Kai Cao, Caixia Lin, Runzhou Sun, Yuan Xie, Ningli Wang
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies identified myopia as a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). However, recent studies have shown different results, and the definitive relationship between myopia and POAG remains controversial. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between myopia and POAG. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Published articles were searched from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases between 1970 and 2020. A pooled analysis of the odds ratios (ORs) was performed using a random-effects model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data on the association between myopia and POAG were obtained from 16 cross-sectional studies, and the pooled OR was 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77–2.89, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) in random-effects model (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 86%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). For the relationship of myopia and POAG progression, data from 7 longitudinal cohort studies were included, and the pooled OR was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.73–0.99<i>, p</i> = 0.042) in the random-effects model (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 88%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings demonstrated that myopia may be a risk factor associated with POAG and a possible protective factor for POAG progression. It may be due to myopia with the presence of a lamina cribrosa defect, slowing down the visual field loss and also POAG progression. Further research for underlying mechanisms is still needed.