Advances in Remote Sensing and Sensor Technologies for Water-Quality Monitoring: A Review
Huilun Chen, Xiang Gao, Rongfang Yuan
Abstract
Water-quality monitoring plays a vital role in protecting and managing water resources, maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding human health. At present, the traditional monitoring technology is associated with risks of low sampling efficiency, long response time, high economic cost and secondary pollution of water samples, and cannot guarantee the accuracy and real-time determination of monitoring data. Remote sensing (RS) technology and sensors are used to automatically realize the real-time monitoring of water quality. In this paper, the principles and composition of remote monitoring systems are systematically summarized. For the RS technology, indicators including chlorophyll-a, turbidity and total suspended matter/solids, colored dissolved organic matter, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and pH value were considered, and for sensors monitoring, the parameters of pH value, temperature, oxidation reduction potential, DO, turbidity, EC and salinity, and total dissolved solids were analyzed. The practical applications of remote monitoring in surface water, marine water and wastewater are introduced in this context. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of remote monitoring systems are evaluated, which provides some basis for the selection of remote monitoring systems in the future.