Metabolomics-Based Profiling via a Chemometric Approach to Investigate the Antidiabetic Property of Different Parts and Origins of Pistacia lentiscus L.
Chabha Sehaki, Roland Molinié, David Mathiron, Jean‐Xavier Fontaine, Nathalie Jullian, Fadila Ayati, Farida Fernane, É. Gontier
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. is a medicinal plant that grows spontaneously throughout the Mediterranean basin and is traditionally used to treat diseases, including diabetes. The aim of this work consists of the evaluation of the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (i.e., antidiabetic activity in vitro) of different extracts from the leaves, stem barks and fruits of P. lentiscus harvested on mountains and the littoral of Tizi-Ouzou in Algeria. Metabolomic profiling combined with a chemometric approach highlighted the variation of the antidiabetic properties of P. lentiscus according to the plant’s part and origin. A multiblock OPLS analysis showed that the metabolites most involved in α-glucosidase inhibition activity were mainly found in the stem bark extracts. The highest inhibitory activity was found for the stem bark extracts, with averaged inhibition percentage values of 84.7% and 69.9% for the harvested samples from the littoral and mountain, respectively. On the other hand, the fruit extracts showed a lower effect (13.6%) at both locations. The UHPLC-ESI-HRMS characterization of the metabolites most likely responsible for the α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity allowed the identification of six compounds: epigallocatechin(4a>8)epigallocatechin (two isomers), (epi)gallocatechin-3′-O-galloyl-(epi)gallocatechin (two isomers), 3,5-O-digalloylquinic acid and dihydroxy benzoic acid pentoside.