Optimal scheduling for solar wind and pumped storage systems considering imbalance penalty
Rajesh Kumar, Arun Kumar
Abstract
The safe and stable operation of the traditional power system has been tremendously affected by the large-scale integration of various renewable energy sources, which has tendency to deliver variable power. The coordinated operation of renewable energy sources has become a hot topic of research nowadays. Utilizing complementary characteristics of solar, wind, and pumped hydro, this paper presents a mixed-integer problem to find optimal scheduling of hydro plants to enhance the market profit. Considering the market schedule for the day ahead, a mathematical formulation has been developed for the operation of a hybrid system. For this problem, the pumping operation of the pumped storage plant has been done by using grid supply during low market price hours. The overall profit can be increased by using the stored energy when the market price is high. The mismatch in the demand and generation has been curtailed by including a penalty factor in the objective function. The results obtained depict reasonable improvement in terms of economic benefits when the coordinated operation suggested is utilized. The results show that the penalty cost has been reduced by a factor of 28%, and profit earned during solar-wind alone was negative and whereas using the Solar-Wind-PSP system (SWPS) the profit has increased and was found to be approximately 29% of total revenue generated. The overall revenue saw an increase of nearly 38%.