Association of serum KL-6 levels on COVID-19 severity: A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling
Titah Dhadhari Suryananda, Resti Yudhawati
Abstract
Background: The main target of SARS-CoV2 is the alveolar type II (AT2) cells of the lung. SARS-CoV2 evades the innate immune system resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) which causes AT2 cell damage. Krebs von den Lungen (KL-6) is a specific biomarker of AT2 cell damage. KL-6 is produced in AT2 cells that are injured/regenerated. Objective: Research that discusses the role of KL-6 in COVID-19 is still being debated and not much has been done in Indonesia. Methods: This study was an analytical study with a prospective design on 75 COVID-19 patients who were treated. Subjects were divided into two large groups according to their degree of severity, 57 subjects with severe degrees and 18 subjects with non-severe degrees. The serum KL-6 levels were measured on days 0 and 6. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test for data were normally distributed and Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test for data that were not normally distributed. Result: In this study, the mean serum KL-6 for day 0 in the severe group was higher than the non-severe group with values of 45.70 U/mL and 44.85 U/mL. On day 6, the mean serum KL-6 in the severe group was lower than that in the non-severe group with values of 41.3 U/mL and 41.95 U/mL. Serum KL-6 in the severe group experienced an even greater decrease than the non-severe group. Conclusion: There was no significant association between serum KL-6 values on 0 days in the severity of COVID-19. HIGHLIGHTS Most symptoms in COVID-19 were cough (84 %), dyspnoea (78.6 %) and fever (68 %). Serum KL-6 decreased on day 6 in COVID-19 patients. KL-6 on day 0 does not have a significant correlation with the severity of COVID-19.