Distinct Growth Rates of the Two ENSO Types
Hong‐Li Ren, Run Wang
Abstract
Abstract El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events can be grouped into two types based on their sea surface temperature anomaly spatial patterns, that is, eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types. In this study, we propose a new method to empirically diagnose linear growth rates of the EP and CP ENSO types due to a limitation of applying the traditional Bjerknes stability index method simply to these two types. We spatially project the peak‐time symmetric component of the mixed‐layer oceanic heat budget terms onto the ENSO‐related sea surface temperature anomaly patterns to estimate the ENSO grow rate. After validating the method by comparing it with the Bjerknes stability index, we show that the growth rate is positive for the CP ENSO type and weakly negative for the EP ENSO type, contributed by different feedback terms. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5‐based multimodel ensemble mean shows similar characteristics as the reanalysis for the EP ENSO type rather than the CP ENSO type.