Load Redistribution Attacks Against Smart Grids–Models, Impacts, and Defense: A Review
Praveen Verma, Chandan Chakraborty
Abstract
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the power grids by facilitating bidirectional energy and information flow. However, this widespread integration of modern ICTs also brings significant security concerns, exposing the power grids to potential cyber-attacks. A load redistribution (LR) attack is a more realistic and practical type of generalized false data injection attack that can severely disrupt the secure and economic operation of the smart grid. Since their introduction in 2011, research into LR attacks has grown significantly over the last decade. As a result, LR attacks have evolved in terms of their attack models, objectives, impacts, and stealthiness. This review article aims to comprehensively analyze the advancements in LR attacks over the last decade, emphasizing their attack models, impact on the grid, and the defense mechanisms available against the LR attacks. This article also outlines the potential research gaps and presents future research directions in the field of LR attacks.