Presynaptic nanoscale components of retrograde synaptic signaling
Benjámin Barti, Barna Dudok, Kata Kenesei, Miklós Zöldi, Vivien Miczán, Gyula Y. Balla, Diana Zala, Mariana Tasso, Claudia Sagheddu, Máté Kisfali, Blanka Tóth, Marco Ledri, E. Sylvester Vizi, Miriam Melis, L Barna, Zsolt Lenkei, Iván Soltész, István Katona
Abstract
While our understanding of the nanoscale architecture of anterograde synaptic transmission is rapidly expanding, the qualitative and quantitative molecular principles underlying distinct mechanisms of retrograde synaptic communication remain elusive. We show that a particular form of tonic cannabinoid signaling is essential for setting target cell–dependent synaptic variability. It does not require the activity of the two major endocannabinoid-producing enzymes. Instead, by developing a workflow for physiological, anatomical, and molecular measurements at the same unitary synapse, we demonstrate that the nanoscale stoichiometric ratio of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) to the release machinery is sufficient to predict synapse-specific release probability. Accordingly, selective decrease of extrasynaptic CB 1 Rs does not affect synaptic transmission, whereas in vivo exposure to the phytocannabinoid Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts the intrasynaptic nanoscale stoichiometry and reduces synaptic variability. These findings imply that synapses leverage the nanoscale stoichiometry of presynaptic receptor coupling to the release machinery to establish synaptic strength in a target cell–dependent manner.