Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives
Muhammad Usman, Shanu Bhardwaj, Shatabhisha Roychoudhury, Dhruv Kumar, Αθανάσιος Αλεξίου, Pravir Kumar, Rashmi K. Ambasta, Parteek Prasher, Shakti D. Shukla, Vijay Jagdish Upadhye, Firdos Alam Khan, Rajendra Awasthi, Madhur D. Shastri, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Janne Ruokolainen, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Shreesh Ojha, Niraj Kumar Jha
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic approaches. No single theory has yet accounted for the various risk factors leading to the pathological and clinical manifestations of dementia-type AD. Therefore, treatment options targeting various molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have been unsuccessful. However, the exploration of various immunotherapeutic avenues revitalizes hope after decades of disappointment. The hallmark of a good immunotherapeutic candidate is not only to remove amyloid plaques but also to slow cognitive decline. In line with this, both active and passive immunotherapy have shown success and limitations. Recent approval of aducanumab for the treatment of AD demonstrates how close passive immunotherapy is to being successful. However, several major bottlenecks still need to be resolved. This review outlines recent successes and challenges in the pursuit of an AD vaccine.