Wireless, Skin‐Interfaced Devices for Pediatric Critical Care: Application to Continuous, Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring
Claire Liu, Jin‐Tae Kim, Sung Soo Kwak, Aurélie Hourlier‐Fargette, Raudel Avila, Jamie L. Vogl, Andreas Tzavelis, Ha Uk Chung, Jong Yoon Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Dennis Ryu, Kelsey B. Fields, Joanna L. Ciatti, Shupeng Li, Masahiro Irie, Allison Bradley, Avani Shukla, Jairo Chavez, Emma C. Dunne, Seung Sik Kim, Jungwoo Kim, Jun Bin Park, Han Heul Jo, Joohee Kim, Michael Johnson, Jean Won Kwak, Surabhi R. Madhvapathy, Shuai Xu, Casey M. Rand, Lauren Marsillio, Sue J. Hong, Yonggang Huang, Debra E. Weese‐Mayer, John A. Rogers
Abstract
Indwelling arterial lines, the clinical gold standard for continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), have significant drawbacks due to their invasive nature, ischemic risk, and impediment to natural body movement. A noninvasive, wireless, and accurate alternative would greatly improve the quality of patient care. Recently introduced classes of wireless, skin-interfaced devices offer capabilities in continuous, precise monitoring of physiologic waveforms and vital signs in pediatric and neonatal patients, but have not yet been employed for continuous tracking of systolic and diastolic BP-critical for guiding clinical decision-making in the PICU. The results presented here focus on materials and mechanics that optimize the system-level properties of these devices to enhance their reliable use in this context, achieving full compatibility with the range of body sizes, skin types, and sterilization schemes typically encountered in the PICU. Systematic analysis of the data from these devices on 23 pediatric patients, yields derived, noninvasive BP values that can be quantitatively validated against direct recordings from arterial lines. The results from this diverse cohort, including those under pharmacological protocols, suggest that wireless, skin-interfaced devices can, in certain circumstances of practical utility, accurately and continuously monitor BP in the PICU patient population.