Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes
Qi-Xin Xie, Paul M. Saffin, Shuang-Yong Zhou
Abstract
A bstract For scalar theories accommodating spherically symmetric Q-balls, there are also towers of quasi-stable composite Q-balls, called charge swapping Q-balls (CSQs). We investigate the properties, particularly the lifetimes, of these long-lived CSQs in 2+1D and 3+1D using numerical simulations with efficient second order absorbing boundary conditions. We find that the evolution of a CSQ typically consists of 4 distinct stages: initial relaxation, first plateau (CSQ stage), fast decay and second plateau (oscillon stage). We chart the lifetimes of CSQs for different parameters of the initial conditions and of the potential, and show the attractor behavior and other properties of the CSQs.
Topics & Concepts
PhysicsAttractorScalar (mathematics)Charge (physics)Boundary value problemPlateau (mathematics)Boundary (topology)Statistical physicsChartOrder (exchange)Theoretical physicsScalar fieldClassical mechanicsQuantum electrodynamicsScalar potentialQuantum mechanicsTopological quantum numberPulsars and Gravitational Waves ResearchPhysics of Superconductivity and MagnetismNonlinear Photonic Systems