Renoprotective Glycoside Derivatives from <i>Zingiber officinale</i> (Ginger) Peels
Zhi‐Min Song, Hongbin Fang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yong‐Ming Yan, Yufei Liu, Jingjing Miao, Hui-Ying Niu, Weisheng Feng, Yong‐Xian Cheng, Yan-Zhi Wang
Abstract
As a widely consumed spice and traditional Chinese medicine, Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) has been used in the treatment of nausea, coughs, and colds. In this article, 18 new glycosides ( 1 – 18 ) and six known analogues ( 19 – 24 ) were isolated from the peel of ginger. The planar structures of these compounds were determined by using HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR). Their relative and absolute configurations of the stereogenic centers in the new natural products were determined by analysis of NMR data, using a quantum mechanical NMR approach and time-dependent density functional theory based electronic circular dichroism calculations. The renal fibrosis activities of the isolated natural products together with those of 6-gingerol (6-Gi), 8-gingerol (8-Gi), and 10-gingerol (10-Gi) were evaluated in TGF-β1 induced NRK-52E cells. Compounds 9, 10, 15, 22 – 24, 6-Gi, 8-Gi, and 10-Gi were found to be active toward extracellular matrix, indicating that they have potential renal fibrosis activities.