Effect of Noble Metal on CuO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Heterostructures Thin Films for H<sub>2</sub>S Gas
Amit Kumar, Suraj Barala, Mahesh Kumar
Abstract
H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S is recognized as a toxic gas, renowned for its capacity to inflict significant harm upon the respiratory and nervous systems. Consequently, the development of high-performance H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S sensors holds significant importance. However, traditional fabrication methods such as brush painting and drop casting often yield sensors with inconsistent batch responses due to the unpredictable film formation process, hindering their mass industrial production. Here, we have devised a novel approach to fabricate highly sensitive and selective H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S sensors utilizing Pd-anchored CuO/SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> heterostructures thin films. An investigation was conducted to analyze the impact of different noble metals (Pt, Au, Ag, and Pd) on CuO/SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> heterostructure thin films concerning their response to H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S. These films were synthesized through RF sputtering and subsequently decorated with varying durations of CuO (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 s) and Pd nanoparticles (3, 6, 9, and 12 s) using a sputtering process. Notably, a sputtering time of 60 s for CuO and 9 seconds for Pd significantly enhanced the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S sensing performance and selectivity over other gases. The Pd-anchored CuO/SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin films revealed an exceptional result of 75.45% to 100 ppm H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S, demonstrating a detection capability down to 0.5 ppm. These noteworthy outcomes were attained under optimal operating conditions at a temperature of 150 °C. This innovative fabrication technique holds promise for the advancement of gas sensor technology, enabling the creation of portable sensor prototypes suitable for real-time sensing applications.