Efficacy of coconut oil as therapeutic agent with potential anticancer activity in immunosuppressed mice with cryptosporidiosis: Parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies
Hagar F. Abdelmaksoud, Tarek Aboushousha, Ayman M. El‐Ashkar
Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidiosis is an important worldwide opportunistic infection. It causes severe lifethreateningdiarrhea in immunocompromised patients and has a carcinogenic predisposition in chroniccases. Until now, there are no available drugs that can control this serious effect on the ileocecal region.Coconut oil (CO) is rich in many saturated fatty acids like lauric acid (LA) which has many uses in the fieldof traditional medicine, and also showed anticancer activity although its mechanism of action is not wellstudied.Objective: To assess the efficacy of CO in immunosuppressed mice with chronic cryptosporidiosis.Material and Methods: Forty white Albino mice of CDI strain were immunosuppressed and divided into 4groups. GI: non-infected (negative control); GII: infected for 60 d, and non-treated (positive control); GIII:infected for 60 d then Nitazoxanide (NTZ) treated; GIV: infected for 60 d then CO treated. Parasitological,histopathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were conducted at the ileocecal region toestimate the parasite burden, caspase-3 mediator of apoptosis, and CDX2 biomarker of tumorigenesis.Results: Parasitological examination showed marked reduction of parasite load in GIV compared to GII,and GIII. Histopathological examination showed focal villous tip erosions and mild villous core infiltrationby mononuclear inflammatory cells in GIII, while GIV showed a mostly preserved villous pattern with mildvillous core inflammation. Immunohistochemical examination showed the best results in GIV in whichthere was significant positive nuclear staining in acini for CDX2 with nearly negative cytoplasmic stainingin acini for caspase-3.Conclusion: Coconut oil is a natural product with significant anti-Cryptosporidium effects and a promisingability to decrease the incidence of dysplastic changes in chronic cryptosporidiosis.