A synthetic review of learning theories, elements and virtual environment simulation types to improve learning within higher education

Abstract

• Exploration of learning paradigms in immersive learning environments. • Presentation of theories, principles, and models in enhancing intrinsic student motivation and learning. • Overview of implementation of simulation elements and extrinsic factors within online learning platforms aimed at improving student engagement and learning. • Tests for investigating the effects of different simulation types on student performance. Virtual learning environments have been an area of interest for the past two decades, and are a pedagogical method considered for improving student learning. Importantly, VLEs are predicted to create a paradigm shift within higher education. The immersive environment in virtual reality has allowed students to explore and revise more complex phenomena in ways that traditional methods of teaching may not address. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted this issue where disrupted traditional campus-based educational environments moved to online/digital learning and teaching with increased development and implementation of immersive virtual environments to engage learners. Learning and teaching with VLEs has proven to have both positive and negative impacts for both students and instructors in higher education. Current VLE simulations aim to provide improved student learning by increasing the quality, delivery of content and accessibility of materials, interactive learning opportunities between teachers and students, personalised, flexible education. The opportunity for students to build digital professional skills for use in a virtual ‘real-world’ environment is of particular value. The creation and implementation of VLEs has revealed practical concerns/limitations that restrict wide-spread dissemination. There is minimal research on learning outcomes, improvement in student performance and student motivation associated with virtual learning environments. This review will explore the role of virtual immersive environments, such as 360° interactive classes, virtual reality classes and hybrid/augmented reality classes, on influencing the quality of student learning, motivation and engagement and how they can support methods of teaching in higher education.

Topics & Concepts