Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
Carlos Jiménez‐Cortegana, Pedro Iglesias, Josep Ribalta, Teresa Vilariño‐García, Laura Montánez, Francisco Arrieta, Manuel Aguilar‐Diosdado, Santiago Durán, Juan Carlos Obaya, Antonio Becerra, Juan Pedro‐Botet, Víctor Sánchez‐Margalet, on behalf of the Cardiovascular Disease Working Group of the Spanish Society of Diabetes (SED)
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients. Many different diets and supplements have proved to be beneficial in T2DM and CVD, but further studies, guidelines, and dietary recommendations are particularly required for patients with both diseases.