Serially integrated high-voltage and high power miniature batteries
Sungbong Kim, Arghya Patra, Ryan R. Kohlmeyer, Seongbin Jo, Xiujun Yue, Alissa C. Johnson, Chadd Kiggins, Beniamin Zahiri, Keunhong Jeong, Jahyun Koo, Taewook Kang, Pengcheng Sun, John B. Cook, James H. Pikul, Paul V. Braun
Abstract
Accessing high voltages (>9 V) and high power density in microbatteries with volumes below ∼0.25 cm3 is challenging. At such scales, energy density and voltage are highly constrained by packaging and serial integration of cells. Here, we demonstrate hermetically sealed, durable, compact (volume ≤ 0.165 cm3) batteries with low package mass fraction (10.2%) in single- (∼4 V), double- (∼8 V), and triple-stacked (∼12 V) configurations with energy densities reaching 990 Wh Kg−1 and 1,929 Wh L−1 (triple-stacked battery discharged at C/10) and high power density for continuous and pulsed discharge (∼124 mW cm−2 for triple-stacked battery at C/2 continuous discharge, ∼75 mW cm−2 for double-stacked battery at 2C pulsed discharge). We achieve the high voltage-power-energy density landscape by using current collectors as the package and serial stacking of bifancial dense electrodeposited LiCoO2 cathode, Li-metal anode electrodes. Our microbatteries power wireless communication electronics, motors, and actuators, paving the way toward highly functional microdevices.