Sodium intake and progression of chronic kidney disease—has the time finally come to do the impossible: a prospective randomized controlled trial?
Michel Burnier
Abstract
According to the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 9.1% of the population worldwide, with Stages 1 and 2 accounting for >50% of CKD cases [1]. The age-standardized prevalence is higher in females (9.5%) than in males (7.3%), but the incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is lower in females. Moreover, the CKD prevalence is very heterogeneous in different areas of the world depending on the sociodemographic situation, the burden of disease being greater in countries with lower socio-economic development. In contrast to many other non-communicable diseases [2], such as ischaemic heart disease or stroke, the global age-standardized mortality rate associated with CKD did not decline substantially during the last decades and CKD remains a major cause of global and cardiovascular mortality. In the survey mentioned above [1], identified CKD risk factors were impaired fasting...