HS–SPME combined with GC–MS and GC–O for characterization of key aroma-active compounds in fruity and grassy peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Qingyun Shan, Yu Wan, Jude Liang, Wanjuan He, Jing Zeng, Wenhui Liang, Siwei Xiong, Meiling Zhang, Bing Wang, Xuexiao Zou, Cheng Xiong, Feng Liu
Abstract
Pepper ( Capsicum spp.) is highly popular due to its unique flavor. However, there was limited research on the primary volatiles that influence the different flavors of fresh peppers. In this study, peppers with three aroma compound types denoted as “grassy,” “fruity,” and “no special aroma” (control) were analyzed using sensory evaluation combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O). Altogether, 393 volatiles were identified by GC–MS, and the main volatiles in peppers ( C. chinense Jacq.) were esters and terpenoids. GC–O and relative odor activity value analysis revealed that 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine had a highly bitter, spicy aroma intensity in all peppers. Hexanal and trans -2-hexenal were the main aroma-active compounds in grassy peppers. In addition, citronellal was determined to be a crucial aroma-active compound in fruity peppers. This study offers a theoretical foundation for guiding the growth of the pepper processing industry and breeding. • The volatile compounds denoted as “fruity” and “grassy” were analyzed in peppers. • Hexanal and trans -2-hexenal were the main aroma-active compounds in grassy peppers. • Citronellal was the crucial aroma-active compound in fruity peppers. • The flavor of peppers depended on the cultivar specificities of volatile compounds.