Comparison of mortality and outcomes of four respiratory viruses in the intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective study
B. Grangier, Charles‐Hervé Vacheron, Donatien de Marignan, Jean‐Sébastien Casalegno, Sandrine Couray‐Targe, A. Bestion, Florence Ader, Jean‐Christophe Richard, Émilie Frobert, Laurent Argaud, Thomas Rimmelé, A.-C. Lukaszewicz, Frédéric Aubrun, Frédéric Dailler, Jean-Luc Fellahi, Julien Bohé, Vincent Piriou, Bernard Allaouchiche, Arnaud Friggeri, Florent Wallet, The Lyon Sud COVID-19 ICU, Fabrice Thiolliere, Emilie Joffredo, Lucille Jay, Marie Darien, Jean-Stéphane David, Charlotte Cerruti, Maxime Lecocq, Guillaume Izaute, Thomas Collenot, Olivia Vassal
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to compare the mortality and burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV group), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group), non-H1N1 (Seasonal influenza group) and H1N1 influenza (H1N1 group) in adult patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with respiratory failure. A total of 807 patients were included. Mortality was compared between the four following groups: RSV, COVID-19, seasonal influenza, and H1N1 groups. Patients in the RSV group had significantly more comorbidities than the other patients. At admission, patients in the COVID-19 group were significantly less severe than the others according to the simplified acute physiology score-2 (SAPS-II) and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Using competing risk regression, COVID-19 (sHR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.10; 2.36) and H1N1 (sHR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.20; 2.93) were associated with a statistically significant higher mortality while seasonal influenza was not (sHR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.65; 1.31), when compared to RSV. Despite occurring in more severe patients, RSV and seasonal influenza group appear to be associated with a more favorable outcome than COVID-19 and H1N1 groups.