Patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids, tumoroids, and organoids: advancing immunotherapy using state-of-the-art 3D tumor model systems
David J. Bozym, David X. Zheng, Or‐Yam Revach, Amir R. Aref, Russell W. Jenkins
Abstract
This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art patient-derived 3D tumor models with a focus on patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids (PDOTS), current preclinical applications, and future directions for preclinical and clinical use.
Topics & Concepts
OrganoidSpheroidImmunotherapyTumor cellsTumor immunologyComputational biologyCancer researchBiologyCell biologyImmunologyImmune systemIn vitroBiochemistryMathematical Biology Tumor GrowthCancer Cells and MetastasisCancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers