Release of graphene-related materials from epoxy-based composites: characterization, quantification and hazard assessment <i>in vitro</i>
Woranan Netkueakul, Daria Korejwo, Tobias Hammer, Savvina Chortarea, Patrick Rupper, Oliver Braun, Michel Calame, Barbara Rothen‐Rutishauser, Tina Buerki‐Thurnherr, Peter Wick, Jing Wang
Abstract
). The particle modes measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were 300-400 nm and using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were between 2-3 μm, indicating the release of respirable particles. A significant fraction (51% to 92%) of the GRMs embedded in the epoxy composites was released in the form of free-standing or protruding GRMs in the abraded particles. The abraded particles did not induce any acute cytotoxic effects.
Topics & Concepts
EpoxyGrapheneComposite materialMaterials scienceCharacterization (materials science)NanotechnologyGraphene and Nanomaterials ApplicationsMicroplastics and Plastic PollutionGraphene research and applications