Targeted radioligand therapy: physics and biology, internal dosimetry and other practical aspects during <sup>177</sup>Lu/<sup>225</sup>Ac treatment in neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic prostate cancer
Habibollah Dadgar, Ali Pashazadeh, Nasim Norouzbeigi, Majid Assadi, Batool Albalooshi, Richard P. Baum, Akram Al‐Ibraheem, Mohamad Haidar, Mohsen Beheshti, Parham Geramifar, Reza Vali, Seyed Davood Mohammadi, Swagat Dash, Vindhya Malasani, Andrea Cimini, Maria Antonietta Ricci, Abdulredha Esmail, Sarah Murad, Fahad Marafi, Giorgio Treglia, Aysar Najeh Khalaf, Farah Anwar, Sharjeel Usmani, Yehia Omar, Haider Muhsin, I. Е. Tyurin, Andrew Zakhary, Sahar Al-Sebaie, Danny Mena Cortes, Maryam Alhashim, Hossein Arabi, Habib Zaidi
Abstract
Radioligand therapy (RLT) has garnered significant attention due to the recent emergence of innovative and effective theranostic agents, which showed promising therapeutic and prognostic results in various cancers.Moreover, understanding the interaction between different types of radiation and biological tissues is essential for optimizing therapeutic interventions These concepts IvyspringInternational Publisher directly apply to clinical RLTs and play a crucial role in determining the efficacy and toxicity profile of different radiopharmaceutical agents.Personalized dosimetry is a powerful tool that aids in estimating patient-specific absorbed doses in both tumors and normal organs.Dosimetry in RLT is an area of active investigation, as our current understanding of the relationship between absorbed dose and tissue damage is primarily derived from external-beam radiation therapy.Further research is necessary to comprehensively comprehend this relationship in the context of RLTs.In the present review, we present a thorough examination of the involvement of 177 Lu/ 225 Ac radioisotopes in the induction of direct and indirect DNA damage, as well as their influence on the initiation of DNA repair mechanisms in cancer cells of neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic prostate cancer.Current data indicate that high-energy -emitter radioisotopes can directly impact DNA structure by causing ionization, leading to the formation of ionized atoms or molecules.This ionization process predominantly leads to the formation of irreparable and intricate double-strand breaks (DSBs).On the other hand, the majority of DNA damage caused by -emitter radioisotopes is indirect, as it involves the production of free radicals and subsequent chemical reactions.Beta particles themselves can also physically interact with the DNA molecule, resulting in single-strand breaks (SSBs) and potentially reversible DSBs.