Disgust as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness: A narrative review of clinical populations
Laura Culicetto, Francesca Ferraioli, Chiara Lucifora, Alessandra Falzone, Gabriella Martino, Giuseppe Craparo, Alessio Avenanti, Carmelo M. Vicario
Abstract
Disgust is a basic emotion of rejection, providing an ancestral defensive mechanism against illness. Based on research that documents altered experiences of disgust across several psychopathological conditions, we conducted a narrative review to address the hypothesis that altered disgust may serve as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness. Our synthesis of the literature from past decades suggests that, compared to healthy populations, patients with mental disorders exhibit abnormal processing of disgust in at least one of the analyzed dimensions. We also outline evidence of alterations in brain areas relevant to disgust processing, such as the insula and the interconnected limbic network. Overall, we provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that altered disgust processing may serve as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness.