Cardioprotective Properties of Phenolic Compounds: A Role for Biological Rhythms
Cristina Torres‐Fuentes, Manuel Suárez, Gerard Aragonès, Miquel Mulero, Javier Ávila‐Román, Anna Arola‐Arnal, M. Josepa Salvadó, Lluı́s Arola, Francisca Isabel Bravo, Begoña Muguerza
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide and their prevalence is continuously increasing. Available treatments may present several side effects and therefore the development of new safer therapeutics is of interest. Phenolic compounds have shown several cardioprotective properties helpful in reducing different CVD risk factors such as inflammation, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, or endothelial dysfunction. These factors are significantly influenced by biological rhythms which are in fact emerging as key modulators of important metabolic and physiological processes. Thus, increased events of CVD have been observed under circadian rhythm disruption or in winter versus other seasons. These rhythms can also affect the functionality of phenolic compounds. Indeed, different effects have been observed depending on the administration time or under different photoperiods. Therefore, in this review the focus will be on the potential of phenolic compounds as therapeutics to prevent CVD via biological rhythm modulation.