Automated insulin delivery during the first 6 months postpartum (AiDAPT): a prespecified extension study
Tara Lee, Corinne Collett, Simon Bergford, Sara Hartnell, Eleanor Scott, Robert S. Lindsay, Katharine F. Hunt, David R. McCance, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Judy Sibayan, Craig Kollman, Roman Hovorka, Helen R. Murphy, Helen R Murphy, Katharine F Hunt, Helen Rogers, Damian Morris, Duncan Fowler, Josephine Rosier, Zeenat Banu, Sarah Barker, Gerry Rayman, Eleanor Gurnell, Caroline Byrne, Andrea Lake, Katy Davenport, Jeannie Grisoni, Shannon Savine, Helen R Murphy, Helen R Murphy, Tara T M Lee, Tara Wallace, Alastair McKelvey, Nina Willer, Corinne Collett, Mei-See Man, Emma Flanagan, Matt Hammond, Lee Shepstone, Anna Brackenridge, Sara White, Anna Reid, Olanike Okolo, Eleanor Scott, Del Endersby, Anna Dover, Frances Dougherty, Susan Johnstone, Rebecca M Reynolsd, Robert S Lindsay, David Carty, Sharon Mackin, Isobel Crawford, Ross Buchan, David McCance, Louisa Jones, Joanne Quinn, Sarah Cains, Goher Ayman
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines in the UK and elsewhere do not specifically address hybrid closed loop (HCL) use in the postpartum period when the demands of caring for a newborn are paramount. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCL use during the first 6 months postpartum compared with standard care. METHODS: In this prespecified extension to a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, pregnant women with type 1 diabetes at nine UK sites were followed up for 6 months postpartum. Eligible participants (AiDAPT participants recruited after the implementation of the postpartum protocol amendment approval, those still pregnant or within six months of delivery at the time of amendment implementation and still using HCL or continuous glucose monitoring [CGM] therapy) continued their randomly assigned treatment, either standard insulin therapy with CGM or HCL therapy (CamAPS FX system version 0.3.1, CamDiab, Cambridge, UK). Participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio with stratification by clinical site using randomly permuted block sizes of 2 or 4. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in percentage time in range ([TIR] 3·9-10·0 mmol/L [70-180mg/dL]), measured during the periods of month 0 up to 3, months 3 to 6, and over 6 months postpartum. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ISRCTN56898625) and is complete. FINDINGS: 59·4 mmol/mol (SD 10·5 [7·6% SD 1·0%]). In the 6 months postpartum, mean time with glucose levels within the target range was higher in the HCL group compared with the standard care group (72% [SD 12%] vs 54% [17%]), with an adjusted treatment difference of 15% (95% CI 7 to 22). Results for hyperglycaemia (>10·0 mmol/L) and mean CGM glucose also favoured HCL (-14% [95% CI -23% to -6%] and -1·3 mmol/L [-2·3 to -0·3], respectively). Hypoglycaemia rates were low, with no between-group differences (2·4% vs 2·6%). There were no treatment effect changes depending on postpartum period (0 up to 3 months vs 3 to 6 months) and no unanticipated safety problems. INTERPRETATION: Participants in the HCL group maintained 70% TIR during the first 6 months postpartum, supporting continued use of HCL rather than standard insulin therapy for people with diabetes once they have given birth. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and Diabetes Research & Wellness Foundation. CGM devices were provided by Dexcom at a discounted price.