Clinical indications for host-cell DNA methylation markers in cervical screening and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A review
Stèfanie Dick, Daniëlle AM Heideman, Johannes Berkhof, RDM Steenbergen, Maaike C.G. Bleeker
Abstract
DNA methylation of host-cell genes is an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression and is associated with cervical cancer development. Studies on the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the molecular alterations associated with cervical carcinogenesis led to the identification of several host-cell DNA methylation markers. Over the past years, various studies on methylation markers have shown promising results in terms of diagnostic and prognostic value to improve cervical cancer screening and management of CIN. This review provides an overview of the clinical indications of host-cell DNA methylation markers in cervical screening and management of CIN, and outlines avenues for further applications. • Methylation of host-cell genes is an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression. • Methylation markers have demonstrated value in diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment monitoring. • DNA methylation consistently identified CIN2/3 lesions with highest risk of progression to cancer. • DNA methylation markers can help to further optimize screening and management.