Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Utilizes Viral Apoptotic Mimicry as an Alternative Pathway To Infect Host Cells
Xin Wei, Rui Li, Songlin Qiao, Xinxin Chen, Guangxu Xing, Gaiping Zhang
Abstract
PRRS has caused huge economic losses to pig farming worldwide. Its causative agent, PRRSV, infects host cells through low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis and CD163 is indispensable during the process. Whether there exist alternative infection pathways for PRRSV arouses our interest. Here, we found that PRRSV exposed PS on its envelope and disguised as apoptotic debris. The PS receptor TIM-1/4 recognized PRRSV and induced the downstream signaling pathway to mediate viral infection via CD163-dependent macropinocytosis. The current work deepens our understanding of PRRSV infection and provides clues for the development of drugs and vaccines against the virus.
Topics & Concepts
BiologyPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusVirologyViral entryEndocytosisVirusViral envelopeViral replicationArterivirusReceptorCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)GeneticsMedicinePathologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)DiseaseAnimal Virus Infections StudiesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchVirus-based gene therapy research