0-form, 1-form, and 2-group symmetries via cutting and gluing of orbifolds
Mirjam Cvetič, Jonathan J. Heckman, Max Hübner, Ethan Torres
Abstract
Orbifold singularities of M-theory constitute the building blocks of a broad class of supersymmetric quantum field theories (SQFTs). In this paper we show how the local data of these geometries determine global data on the resulting higher symmetries of these systems. In particular, via a process of cutting and gluing, we show how local orbifold singularities encode the 0-form, 1-form, and 2-group symmetries of the resulting SQFTs. Geometrically, this is obtained from the possible singularities that extend to the boundary of the noncompact geometry. The resulting category of boundary conditions then captures these symmetries and is equivalently specified by the orbifold homology of the boundary geometry. We illustrate these general points in the context of a number of examples, including five-dimensional (5D) superconformal field theories engineered via orbifold singularities, 5D gauge theories engineered via singular elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds, as well as four-dimensional supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics-like theories engineered via M-theory on noncompact ${G}_{2}$ spaces.