Residual lipidic risk beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: new challenges and opportunities
Filippo Crea
Abstract
and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)' by Victoria Delgado from the Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol in Badalone, Spain, and colleagues from the ESC Scientific Document Group. 13][4][5] In 2019, the estimated incidence of IE was 13.8 cases per 100 000 subjects per year, and IE accounted for 66 300 deaths worldwide.Due to the associated high morbidity and mortality (1723 disability-adjusted life years and 0.87 death cases per 100 000 population, respectively), identification of the best preventive strategies has been the focus of research.Since the publication of the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis, important new data have been published mandating an update of recommendations.This issue continues with a focus on dyslipidaemias, diabetes, and metabolic disorders starting with the '2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: Developed by the task force on the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)' by Nikolaus Marx from RWTH Aachen University in Germany, and colleagues from the ESC Scientific Document Group. 6][9][10][11] In addition, diabetes is a major risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease, which is associated with developing CVD.The combination of diabetes with these cardio-renal comorbidities enhances the risk not only for CVD but also for all-cause mortality.These European