Ophthalmic associations in pregnancy
Queena Qin, Celia Chen, Sudha Cugati
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A range of ocular pathology exists during pregnancy. Some pre-existing eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, can be exacerbated during pregnancy. Other conditions manifest for the first time during pregnancy as a result of complications such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Early recognition and understanding of the management of ophthalmic conditions is crucial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to discuss the physiological and pathological changes in the eyes of pregnant women. Pathological changes are sub-divided into: 1) pre-existing eye conditions modified during pregnancy, 2) pathological conditions occurring for the first time and 3) ophthalmic associations due to complications in pregnancy. DISCUSSION: This article reviews the ophthalmic conditions that can manifest during pregnancy and discusses their pathophysiology and clinical implications. Recognition, history and examination of ophthalmic conditions and a diagnostic framework for referral are provided. Fundamental multidisciplinary care principles involving the primary care physician, ophthalmologist, rheumatologist or haematologist and obstetrician in the care of the pregnant patient are discussed.